Technical Services

• Tensile Strength

Tensile strength is  the maximum tensile force developed in a test specimen before rupture on a tensile tester carried to rupture under prescribed conditions. 

Tensile Tester (L&W ALWETRON TH1) is a horizontal type tensile tester designed for testing of paper and low elongation films and foil.

Output results are paper strength in force units (standard or metric), elongation at break as a percent from the original gauge length. Tensile strength given is the force per the width of test specimen, which is 1 inch, usually 

• Tensile Strength-2

Tensile Tester (TMI Monitor) is a vertical single-column tensile tester designed for testing of paper and low elongation films and foil.

On this machine, we can change sample width, gauge length, pretention and loading rate. Output results are paper strength in force units (standard or metric), elongation at break as a percent from the original gauge length. 

TAPPI  T494 - Tensile properties of paper and paperboard (using constant rate of elongation apparatus)

ASTM  D 828 - Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus

• Bursting Strength

Bursting strength is the maximum pressure required to rupture the tested material. The sample is held at the perimeter while the hydrostatic pressure is increased at a controlled constant rate under a rubber diaphragm until sample rupture. 

 The L&W Burst-o-matic is designed to measure the bursting strength of sheet materials.

Output results are paper burst strength in pressure units (standard or metric), commonly psi

TAPPI  T403-Bursting strength of paper

TAPPI  T807-Bursting strength of paperboard and linerboard

TAPPI  T810-Bursting strength of corrugated and solid fiberboard

ASTM  D774/D774M – Bursting Strength of Paper

• Tearing Tester

The energy consumed to tear the test sample (usually 4 plies of the sheet material) a certain distance is used to calculate the average tearing force. 

The L&W Tearing Tester measures the tearing strength of paper, fabric, plastic foil, ect. The tearing energy is measured through positional change of machine’s pendulum.

Output results is the paper tearing strength in force units standard or metric (usually pounds).

TAPPI T414-Internal Tearing resistance of Paper (Elmendorf type)

ASTM D 689 – Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper

• Folding Endurance

A strip of sheet (paper) under a standard tension is subjected to double folding oscillations until break.

The logarithm to the base 10 of the number of double folds is considered as “Folding Endurance”. It measures the ability of paper to withstand repeated folding. It is also useful for indicating the deterioration of material upon aging.

TAPPI T511-om-02-Folding endurance of paper (MIT tester)

ASTM D 2176 – 97a R02 -Folding Endurance of Paper by the M.I.T. Tester

• Short Span Compression STFI

A strip of sheet (paper) is clamped in two pair of clamps 0.7 mm apart. moving towards each other, sample is compressed in the edge direction.  The maximum force causing failure is measured and given in pound.

The L&W Compression Strength Tester uses the STFI method of testing for edgewise compression strength  of containerboard in the range of 100 – 400 g/m².

TAPPI T826 - Short span compressive strength of containerboard

• Stiffness Tester

The L&W Stiffness Tester is used to evaluate stiffness and resiliency properties using resonance length

TAPPI T535 - Bending stiffness of paper and paperboard-Resonance length method

• Taber bending stiffness

This instrument measures the bending moment required to deflect the free end of a 1.5 in wide vertically clamped specimen 15º from its center line when the load is applied 2 in. away from the clamp. The resistance to bending is calculated from the bending moment and given in Taber units.

TAPPI T489-Bending resistance (stiffness) of paper and paperboard (Taber-type tester in basic configuration)

• Huygen Internal Bond Tester

The Huygen Internal Bond Tester is designed to measure rapid “Z” directional ruptures of paper and paperboard samples. The unit uses Scott and American Sisalicraft specimen technique.

TAPPI method:

T569 - Internal bond strength (Scott type)

• TSO Tester:

The TSO Tester is an ultrasonic instrument for measuring Tensile Stiffness Index or Tensile Stiffness Orientation properties on sheets and cross machine paper samples.

• L&W Crush Tester:

The L&W Crush Tester is used for testing liner, fluting, corrugated fiberboard, packaging, and similar products. 

• TMI Gurley

Gurley is the standard instrument for measuring porosity, air permeability, or the air resistance of paper products.

TAPPI  T460-Air resistance of paper (Gurley method)

TAPPI   536 om-02 Resistance of paper to passage of air (high-pressure Gurley method)

ASTM  D 726 – 94 (Reapproved 2003) Resistance of Nonporous Paper to Passage of Air

• Hagerty Paper Smoothness Tester:

The Hagerty Paper Smoothness Tester tests the surface smoothness of paper especially coated.

This method is a measurement of the air flow between the specimen (backed by flat glass on the bottom side) and two pressurized, concentric annular lands that are impressed into the sample from the top side. The rate of air flow is related to the surface roughness of paper or paperboard.

TAPPI  T538 - Roughness of paper and paperboard (Sheffield method)

• Glossmeter Model T 480A:

The Glossmeter provides 75⁰ and 20⁰ specular gloss measurements

Its primary application is for coated papers but the machine may also be used on uncoated papers, most ink films, and paper or paperboard.

TAPPI T480 Specular gloss of paper and paperboard at 75 degrees

TAPPI T653 Specular gloss of paper and paperboard at 20 degrees

•  Brightimeter Micro S5:

The Brightimeter Micro S5 measures brightness, opacity, color, and fluorescence.

TAPPI T425, Opacity of paper (15/d geometry, illuminant A/2°, 89% reflectance backing and paper backing)

TAPPI T452, Brightness of pulp, paper, and paperboard (directional reflectance at 457 nm)

TAPPI T524 - Color of paper and paperboard (45/0, C/2)

TAPPI T562 - Brightness of pulp, paper, and paperboard (directional reflectance at 457 nm) CIE whiteness and tint of paper and paperboard (using 45°/0° directional illumination and normal viewing)

TAPPI T646 - Brightness of clay and other mineral pigments (45/0)

ASTM D985 – Brightness of Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard (Directional Reflectance at 457 nm)

• Electronic Micro Gauge:

The Electronic Micro Gauge measures specimen thickness within the 0 – 3 mm range.

TAPPI T411-Thickness (caliper) of paper, paperboard, and combined board

ASTM D645/D645M - Thickness of Paper and Paperboard



• Microfluidics M-110EH-30

The M-110EH-30 Microfluidizer Processor uses interchangeable chambers of varying geometries to process a range of fluids such as fiber suspensions in multiple passes to break the fibers down to a micro or nano scale.

• Paprican Ink Scanner:

The Paprican Ink Scanner measures the speck count to assess the dirt level in secondary fiber pulps.